Sumatran rhinoceros

Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is a species of rhinoceros that belongs to Indonesia than Javan rhino (Rhinocerus sondaicus). Sumatran rhinoceros (Sumatran rhino) is also the world's smallest rhino species is one of five species of rhinoceros that still survive from extinction than Javan rhino, rhino india, African black rhino, white rhino and African.

Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) as a close relative, Javan rhino, the rare and threatened with extinction. An estimated two-horned rhino population is not reached 200 tails. Naturally, if IUCN Redlist then enter the Sumatran rhinoceros (Sumatran rhino) in the list of critically endangered conservation status (critical; CE).

Sumatran rhinoceros in English called the Sumatran rhino. Often also referred to as the hairy rhino because it has the most hair types than other rhinos. Sumatran rhinos in Latin disebur as Dicerorhinus sumatrensis.

Habitat characteristics and Sumatran rhino. Sumatran rhino has two horns with long front horn ranged between 25-80 cm and shorter rear horns about 10 cm. Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) has a body length of 2-3 meters and weigh between 600-950 kg. High endangered species is between 120-135 cm.


mature Sumatran rhino

Sumatran rhino habitat includes lowland swamp forest to forest hills though generally rare animals like the dense jungle vegetation. Two-horned endangered species is more commonly seen in secondary forests lowland has water, shelter, and other low-growing food. Main meals include fruit Sumatran rhino (especially wild mango and fikus), leaves, small twigs, and bark.

Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is a wildlife explorer who live in small groups though generally live a solitary (alone). On the sunny weather often comes down to the lowlands, to find a dry place. In the hot weather found in the forests on the hills near the waterfall.

Sumatran rhino populations and conservation. Sumatran rhinoceros was once spread from Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, and Malaysia. However, currently estimated Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) have become extinct in some places and leaving in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Increasingly rare Sumatran rhino population. According to data from the IUCN Redlist two-horned rhino population is between 220-275 tails (1997). Even according to the International Rhino Foundation (Virginia) Sumatran rhino population is not expected to reach 200 tail (2010).

In Sumatra Sumatran rhino population is concentrated in the Bukit Barisan National Park (60-80 animals), Lauser Mountain National Park (60-80 animals), TN. Way Kambas (15-25 animals), and the National Park Kerinci Seblat (presumed extinct). In Sabah Malaysia is estimated to have a population ranging between 6-10 tail. While the population in Borneo until now have not been identified.


Queen and Andalas, a Sumatran rhino in Way Kambas. Queen is now one month pregnant

Given the level of the Sumatran rhino population is reasonable if it is then IUCN Redlist include the Sumatran rhino conservation status of critically endangered (critical) which is one level below the conservation status of species. Conservation status of critically endangered Sumatran rhino is attributed to 1996.

In addition, the Sumatran rhino is also listed in CITES Appendix I since 1975. CITES Appendix I mean Sumatran rhinos are protected internationally from all forms of trafficking.

Declining population of the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) due to poaching for horns and take the other limb. Although for allegedly poaching practices never happen again in the next ten years.

The main factor Sumatran rhino population decline today is habitat loss due to deforestation and forest fires. Due to diminishing returns and the destruction of forests, recent years frequently reported occurrence of this two-horned rhinoceros in the residential areas and estates.

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Rhinoceras Sundaicus

Indonesia is a country full super. Why exactly is that? Yes, because Indonesia, a tropical country and is right on the equator, is the major fauna habitats in the world. All sorts of fauna population found in Indonesia, of which the most typical is the kind of one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus). One-horned rhinoceros, or often referred to as the Javan rhino is one of the rarest species in the world with an estimated population of no more than 60 individuals. In Indonesia, one-horned rhino, was placed in the Garden Park is home protection (TNUK), and about eight people in the Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam (2000). Javan rhino is also in the category of critically endangered or critically endangered of the IUCN world conservation body.

Currently only five remaining rhino species, two species of which are in Indonesia. These types of rhino species that still survive to this day;

•   Badak Sumatera (Sumatran rhino) bercula dua atau Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. Terdapat di Pulau Sumatera (Indonesia) dan Kalimantan (Indonesia dan Malaysia).
•   Badak Jawa (Javan rhino) bercula satu atau Rhinocerus sondaicus. Terdapat di Pulau Jawa (Indonesia) dan Vietnam
•   Badak India (Indian rhino) bercula satu atau Rhinocerus unicornis. Tedapat di India dan Nepal.
•   Badak Hitam Afrika bercula cula (Black Rhino) atau Diceros bicormis. Terdapat di Kenya, Tanzania, Kamerun, Afrika Selatan, Namibia dan Zimbabwe.
•   Badak Putih Afrika bercula dua (White Rhino) atau Cerathoterium simum. Terdapat di Kongo.

Of the five rhino above, each has unique physical characteristics, the following physical characteristics of the Javan rhino (Rhinocerus sondaicus)

• Gray body color black.
• Having a horn, with a length of ± 25 cm (in females is likely not grow / measly)
• Weight loss reached 900 - 2300 kg, body length ± 2-4 m high and can reach almost 1.7 m.
• Her skin has a sort of folds that look like using a shield of steel.
• A manner similar to the Indian rhinoceros, but the body and head smaller with fewer number of folds.
• More prominent upper lip serves to grab food and put it into his mouth.

Not only in Java, the Javan rhino population was once estimated to spread also in Sumatra, namely in the area of ​​Aceh to Lampung. But, now there are only a Javan rhino on Park is home (TNUT), Banten. In addition there is in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. In Indonesia, the Javan rhino was found outside TNUT namely in 1934, was found shot by hunters in Tasikmalaya, and currently stored specimens in the Museum of Zoology Bogor.

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Anoa Habitat and Ecology

Ecology and habitat Anoa mountains located on the island of Sulawesi and Buton Island in Indonesia. Anoa Mountains included in the category of rain forest animals, and choose an area that contained a lot of vegetation, permanent water sources and away from the reach of the mountains manusia.Anoa usually bathe in the mud, as well as the wild buffalo. This might be because he needs the minerals contained therein. Anoa Mountains are very active in the morning, he returned refuge at midday. They take shelter under a large tree that fell, under large rocks and among the roots of trees. Horns are used to get rid of twigs or to dig up the soil, and is also used during a physical fight with another anoa to show dominance. Anoa mountains live solitary or in pairs.

Threats Anoa mountains are usually hunted for their skin, meat and horns. Besides clearing of forests for agriculture and gold mining are also increasingly threatened habitat Pegungungan Anoa, because he lost habitat and source of food, and he can not adjust to human presence.

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BabyRussa

Habitat, Population, Distribution, and Conservation. Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) Sulawesi spread throughout northern, central, and southeast, as well as the surrounding islands such as Togian, Sula, Malenge, Buru., And the Moluccas. This endangered species endemic areas like riverbanks or mud puddle in lowland forest.

Some areas are believed to still be babirusa habitat include Bogani Nani National Parks and Nature Reserves Wartabone Panua. While in the Nature Reserve Tangkoko, and Wildlife-nembo Manembo unique species endemic to Sulawesi is scarce and rare.

Its population today is not known with certainty. But by spreading limited by the IUCN Redlist endemic wildlife conservation is filed in the category of Vulnerable (Vulnerable) since 1986. And by the CITES endangered species and protected this also listed in Appendix I, which means that should not be hunted and traded.

Babirusa declining population caused by poaching to take the meat is done by the society around. Besides deforestation as the main habitat of this endemic and rare species endemic to the frequency of birth makes it increasingly scarce.

Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) which is a species endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia certainly will not be found in any country other than in our country. If we still do not care of course, all the people on earth will be lost. Usually, something new was worth if anything it has not. Will this apply to the endemic Indonesia, babirusa?

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Eagle java

Eagle Java (Nisaetus bartelsi) is one medium-sized hawk species endemic to the island of Java. Animals are considered synonymous with the state emblem of the Republic of Indonesia, Garuda. And since 1992, the bird was designated as endangered mascot Indonesia

Cus-bodied medium to large, slender, with a body length of between 60-70 cm (from tip of beak to tip of tail).

Head reddish brown (Kadru), with a high crest prominent (2-4 feathers, length up to 12 cm) and neck are yellowish brown (sometimes visible gold when exposed to sunlight). Crested black with white tip; crowns and black mustache, while the dark brown back and wings. Throat whitish with lines (actually lines) longitudinal black in the middle. Down to the chest, black scribble spread over pale brownish yellow color, which in the end at the bottom again turned into a stripe pattern (scribble) meeting brown to brownish red cross over a pale whitish belly feathers and feet. Fur on the feet close to the limb close to the base of the finger. Tail brown with four dark stripes and a wide cross is evident on the lower side, the tail end of a thin white stripes. Colored females are similar, slightly larger.

Iris yellow or brownish; half blackish; sera (meat at the base of the beak) yellowish; foot (finger) yellow. Young bird with the head, neck and lower body side light cinnamon brown, with no streaks or lines.

When flying, eagle eagle eagle similar to Java (Nisaetus cirrhatus) form the light, but it tends to look more brownish, with stomach look darker and slightly smaller.

A loud sound high, repetitive, or ii klii-iiw-iiiw, varies between one and three syllables. Or high pitched sounds and fast-kQ kQ-kQ-kQ-kQ. In a sense, this is similar to the sound of his voice hawk eagle although the difference is quite clear in his tone

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Leatherback turtle

Leatherback turtle has survived for more than a hundred million years, is facing extinction. From calculation shows, for the last twenty years the number of species decreased rapidly, especially in the Pacific: only around 2,300 adult females left. This proves the Pacific leatherback turtles to be the most endangered sea turtle populations in the world. In the Pacific, such as in Indonesia alone, the population just left a few of the previous (2983 nests in 1999 from 13,000 nests in 1984).

Leatherback turtle has survived for more than a hundred million years, is facing extinction. From calculation shows, for the last twenty years the number of species decreased rapidly, especially in the Pacific: only around 2,300 adult females left. This proves the Pacific leatherback turtles to be the most endangered sea turtle populations in the world. In the Pacific, such as in Indonesia alone, the population just left a few of the previous (2983 nests in 1999 from 13,000 nests in 1984).Physical description of leatherback turtles

•     Have dark-colored leather shell with white spots that are not as hard as other turtle
•     Long front flippers
•     Size can be up to 180 cm and weight of 500 kg
•     Is the largest sea turtle and one of the largest living reptiles.

Ecology and HabitatLeatherback turtles are found from tropical waters to polar oceans and ordinary sub laying on beaches in tropical areas. This species spends most of his life in the open ocean appears only to land at the time of spawning.
Expanded reproductionFemale leatherback turtles may lay four to five times per season, each time by 60 to 129 eggs. Surprisingly, about half of the eggs in each nest is very small to be able to develop properly, or does not have a yolk. Leatherback turtles nest every two or three years, with an incubation time of 60 days.
FoodLeatherback turtles are large very unusual, because only eat foods low in energy and low in protein from soft creatures such as jellyfish, squid and tunicates (invertebrates such as sea jellies).
Population and DistributionLeatherback turtles are reported to appear in the northern region, Alaska to the southern area of ​​Cape of Good Hope, Africa.
Threat

•     Too few individuals amid persistent threats, such as other sea turtle species, leatherback turtles endangered by taking their eggs, hunting adult turtles to be meat, disfigurement panatai nesting sites, and accidental death because fish caught by vessels. Because many of these threats, leatherback turtles, including the Critically Endangered list compiled by the IUCN Red List.
•     Direct recruitment; Traditionally eggs taken, particularly in Asia, and this practice merupakanpenyebab possibility descent populations of this species in the world.
•     Indirect recruitment; during the period in the 1990s, each year is estimated around 1,500 adult female leatherback turtles killed in nets Longline and gillnet in the Pacific.
•     Pollution; marine pollution by plastic is one of the causes of death. Phthalates, chemicals derived from plastics, found in egg yolk leatherback turtles. Leatherback turtles are often plastic counting jellyfish, their favorite food and then choking when swallowing.

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Green Turtle

GREEN TURTLE

It is estimated that every year about 100,000 green turtles killed in the Indo-Australian archipelago.
 Physical Description of the green turtle
  - It has yellow-green or dark brown dark
  - The shell is oval when viewed from above and head
     relatively small and blunt
  - The length is between 80 to 150 cm and
    weight can reach 132 kg
Ecology and habitat

green turtles are very rarely encountered in temperate waters, but very widely spread in tropical regions close to the continental coast and surrounding islands
.
Development

Age for sexual maturity is uncertain: current estimates of approximately 45 to 50 years. green turtle females migrate in large areas, between feeding and spawning areas, but tend to follow the shoreline compared across the open ocean.

Food

Serupakan adult green turtles sea turtle herbivores. Them were the main food seaweed or algae, which live in tropical waters da subtropics. But his sons assumed omnivore to accelerate the growth of their bodies. Most likely a gradual transition occurs when the turtles reach enough to be able to avoid predators.

Population and Distribution

In coastal areas of Africa, India and Southeast Asia as well as along the coast of Australia and the South Pacific Islands. there are a number of nesting areas and important feeding areas for green sea turtles. They can also be found in the Mediterranean and sometimes in the north to the coastal waters of the UK.Threat* Lost and habitat destruction
      Uncontrolled development causes damage to beaches that are important to green turtles to lay their eggs. Similarly, the green turtle habitats such as coral reefs for food and marine seagrass continues to damage from sedimentation or destruction by humans.* Taking direct
      The researchers estimate that every year about 30,000 green turtles captured in Baja, California and more than 50,000 sea turtles killed in Southeast Asia (especially in Bali, Indonesia), and the South Pacific.

      In many countries, children of sea turtles captured, preserved and sold as souvenirs to tourists. .
* Taking an indirect
      Any idea, green penyi thousands trapped in fishing nets. Sea turtles are reptiles and they breathe with lungs, so that when they fail to reach the sea they died by drowning.
* Disease
      In some islands of Hawaii, nearly 70% of the green turtles stranded, exposed fibropapillomas, cautions that tumors can kill sea turtles. Currently, the cause of the tumor is unknown
.* Natural Predators
      Sea turtles can be issued more than 150 eggs per nest and lay eggs several times during the season, so that more turtles who reached adult levels. The balance between sea turtles and predators can be opposed to the sustainability of sea turtle life when a new predator introduced or if a natural predator suddenly increased as a result of human activity. As happened in the Guianas perteluran coast, is now the main threat to dogs and hatching eggs.

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